《法律英语综合教程》共分十三部分:**、二部分首先介绍了法律英语的基础知识;第三至第十二部分分别介绍了美国主干部门法;*后一部分简明介绍了引用(citation)的相关知识。 《法律英语综合教程》是法律英语精品系列教材中的一本,是法律英语精读教材。

There are,for example,a series of rights and duties implied into contracts of agen-cy,employment and tenancy.Under a contract of employment,an employer owes animplied duty to take reasonable care for the safety of his employees,not to endanger theemployees’health and not to require the employees to do any unlawful act;and an em-ployee owes a duty to show good faith,to obey lawful and reasonable instructions,andnot to act against the employer’s interest.
(3)Customary Implied Terms
A contract may be subj ect to customary terms not specifically mentioned by the par-ties.However,customary terms will not be implied if the express terms of the contractreveal that the parties had a contrary intention.
3.Exemption Clauses
Many large companies and public authorities impose conditions in their contractsexempting or excluding themselves from liability for torts,particularly negligence,ari-sing from contracts.The rules applicable in such situations may be summarized as fol-lows:
(1)An exemption clause can be incorporated in the contract by signature,by noticeor by course of dealing:
a.Where the terms are signed,the parties are bound as a general rule even if theplaintiff has not read it;
b.The inserter of exemption clauses must do all that is reasonability necessary tothe notice of the person subject to the clause or to draw his attention to it;
c.The conditions must be brought to the notice of the offeree either before or at thesame time when the contract is made;
d.An exemption clause printed on a receipt is not an integral part of the contract.
(2)The party who wishes to rely on an exemption clause must show that theb reach and loss are covered by the clause.If there is any doubt as to the scope of an ex-emption clause,it will be construed under the following rules:
a.The contra proferentem rule If there is any ambiguity or room for doubt as tothe meaning of an exemption clause,it will be construed against
…… 随着我国入世和改革开放程度不断加大,越来越多的外资进入中国市场,越来越多的中国企业走出**寻找商机。无论是迎进来,还是走出去,这些企业所面临的一个共同问题就是法律问题。而这些法律问题中的大多数又都属于涉外法律的工作范畴。由于法律文化、法律条款的差异,中外双方在合作过程中不可避免地会出现许多矛盾分歧·减少、化解这些矛盾分歧需要沟通谈判,甚至需要通过法律手段来解决问题。所有这些工作都需要法律工作者通过专业外语完成。因此,在国际化趋势日见凸显的今天,掌握专业外语已经成为法律人**的职业素质。
众所周知.美国法是英美法系的典型代表,其法律体系完整、内容丰富,既有传统的普通法,又有新兴的成文法;既有统一的联邦法,又有各州的法律。同时,美国法在世界范围内影响深远,学习研究美国法意义重大,这不仅表现为许多**都在研究美国的法律规则,借鉴其成熟做法,还表现为许多国际公约也参照美国法的理念、原则、规则制定。
因此,本书作为学习法律英语的精读教材,主要介绍美国法,希望读者通过学习权威、实用的美国法律知识,掌握地道、纯正的法律英语。一般的语言教材都会系统地讲授语法知识,但本书的编写设想是,学生已经完成了从中学英语到大学一、二年级的基础英语学习。系统掌握了英语语法等基础知识,并具有不低于六千个英语单词的词汇量。本书具有以下特点:
首先,编者参考了大量的美国原版法学书籍.包括美国法学院教材及大量判例·力求实现教材内容的权威性和丰富性。
其次,本书引用了许多**代表性的英文案例。英美法系是判例法系.无论是法官还是律师都特别注重对判例的研究,因此学习美国法不能绕过案例。根据我的个人经验,通过研究案例更有利于掌握标准的法律英语,也更容易掌握美国法的精髓。本书选取了十几个经典案例,以期*大程度地展现美国法原貌。
再次,本书在部门法的后面都附有与该部门法相关的练习题,以期帮助读者检查自己学习掌握法律英语术语和基础美国法知识的程度.查漏补缺。
本书共分十三部分。**、二部分首先介绍了法律英语的基础知识:该部分选择法律英语口语为切入点,帮助读者认识法律英语口头交流的重要性,督促读者认真练习英语口语.做到听、说、读、写、译齐头并进,绝不可忽视“开口”的能力。美国人的口才都普遍好,律师更是能言善辩,而这正是我国法律人的弱势。

Part One Introductions and Small Talks
Chapter 1 How to Make Introductions
Chapter 2 How to Start a Conversation

Part Two General Legal Terms
Chapter 1 Quick Overview of the U.S. Court System
Chapter 2 Jury Trial
Chapter 3 The Adversary System
Chapter 4 How Does a Civil Action Usually Start?
Chapter 5 What Can an Appellate Court Do?
Chapter 6 What Can an Appellate Judge Do?

Part Three Constitutional Law
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 The Judicial Power
Chapter 3 Legislative Power
Chapter 4 Individual Guarantees Against
Governmental or Private Action
Chapter 5 Retroactive Legislation
Chapter 6 Procedural Due Process
Chapter 7 Substantive Due Process
Chapter 8 Equal Protection
Chapter 9 Fundamental Rights

Part Four Contracts
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Basics of Contracts
Chapter 3 Contract Formation
Chapter 4 Capacity of a Contract
Chapter 5 Vitiating Factors
Chapter 6 Problems Involving Persons Other Than
the Parties to the Original Contract
Chapter 7 Discharge
Chapter 8 Breach of Contract
Chapter 9 Remedies for Breach of Contract
Chapter 10 Dispute Settlement

Part Five Torts
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Intentional Torts
Chapter 3 Defenses to Intentional Torts
Chapter 4 Negligence
Chapter 5 Cause in Fact
Chapter 6 Proximate Cause
Chapter 7 Multiple Tortfeasors
Chapter 8 Damages for Personal Injuries
Chapter 9 Limited Duty= Special Limitations on the Scope of Duty
Chapter 10 Premises Liability= Duties of Owners and Occupiers of Land
Chapter 11 Defenses
Chapter 12 Vicarious Liability
Chapter 13 Products Liability
Chapter 14 Defamation
Chapter 15 The Privacy Torts
Chapter 16

Part Six Property Law
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Acquisition of Property
Chapter 3 Possessory Estates
Chapter 4 Future Interests
Chapter 5 Concurrent Estates
Chapter 6 Landlord and Tenant
Chapter 7 Fixtures
Chapter 8 Rights in the Land of Another--Easements,
Profits, Covenants, and Servitudes
Chapter 9 Conveyancing
Chapter 10 Cooperatives, Condominiums, and Zoning
Chapter 11 Nuisance

Part Seven Evidence Law
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 General Considerations
Chapter 3 Relevance and Judicial Notice
Chapter 4 Real Evidence
Chapter 5 Documentary Evidence
Chapter 6 Testimonial Evidence
Chapter 7 The Hearsay Rule
Chapter 8 Procedural Considerations

Part Eight Civil Procedure
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Personal Jurisdiction
Chapter 3 Diversity of Citizenship Jurisdiction
Chapter 4 Federal Question Jurisdiction
Chapter 5 Venue
Chapter 6 Removal Jurisdiction
Chapter 7 Conflict of Jurisdiction Between
State and Federal Courts
Chapter 8 The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
Part Nine Criminal Law
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 What Makes a Case a Criminal Case?
Chapter 3 How to Interpret Criminal Statutes
Chapter 4 How Defendants' Mental States Affect
Their Responsibility for a Crime
Chapter 5 Criminal Offenses
Chapter 6 Felonies, Misdemeanors and Infractions
Chapter 7 Implications of a Crime's Classification

Part Ten Criminal Procedure
Chapter 1 Constitutional Restraints
Chapter 2 Exclusionary Rule
Chapter 3 Fourth Amendment
Chapter 4 Confessions
Chapter 5 Pretrial Procedures
Chapter 6 Trial
Chapter 7 Guilty Pleas and Plea Bargaining
Chapter 8 Constitutional Rights in Relation to
Sentence and Punishment
Chapter Constitutional Problems on Appeal
Chapter 10 Rights During Punishment--Probation,
Imprisonment, Parole
Chapter 11 Double Jeopardy
Chapter 12 Forfeiture Actions

Part Eleven Intellectual Property Law
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Trade Secrets
Chapter 3 Patent
Chapter 4 Copyright
Chapter 5 Trademark Law

Part Twelve Business Law
Chapter 1 Introduction to Business Forms
Chapter 2 Partnership
Chapter 3 Limited Liability Company
Chapter 4 Corporation
Chapter 5 Securities
Chapter 6 Commercial Paper

Part Thirteen Understanding Legal Citations
Chapter 1 How to Read a Case Citation
Chapter 2 Subsequent Case History
Chapter 3 Parentheticals
Chapter 4 Parallel Citations
Chapter 5 The Functions of Legal Citations
Chapter 6 Understanding "ID. "
Chapter 7 Using "ID. " with Parallel Citations
Chapter 8 Short Citations
Appendix Key to the Quiz
……