法律教学应当使用WTO案例,因为研读这样的法律分析,学生必定会得到很好的法律训练。此外,对于中国是当事方的案件,裁决涉及中国的贸易法律和政策以及中国的经济利益,因此使用这些案件教学是饶有趣味的。对于中国并非当事方的案件,由于它们涉及国民待遇、*惠国待遇和取消数量限制等重要的国际贸易规则,覆盖了货物贸易、服务贸易和知识产权等主要的国际贸易领域,而中国作为一个贸易大国,有短期或长期的利益,因此使用这些案件教学,不会让学生有“事不关己”的“陌生感”。而对于研究者,研究这些案件所涉及的国际规则和中国利益,提出对策建议,对中国法律和政策的制定以及“全球治理”的参与,都有非常重要的意义。杨国华编著的《WTO中国案例精选(1)》即精选了这些案例。 WTO中国案例精选-(一)_杨国华 主编_厦门大学出版社_

7.514
Therefore, the standard of compliance with Article 61 is the minimum internationally agreed standard set out in that Article. The minimum standard in Article 61 does not defer to China's domestic practice on the definition of criminal liability and sanctions for other wrongful acts in areas not subject to international obligations under the TRIPS Agreement, unless it so states. For example, the second sentence refers to "crimes of a corresponding gravity" which might refer to domestic practice in other areas. However, the first sentence of Article 61 does not make any such reference.
7.515
For the above reasons, the Panel confirms its view at paragraphs 0 to 0 above that the first sentence of Article 61 of the TRIPS Agreement imposes an obligation. The Panel willow turn to the terms used in that provision, read in context and in light of the object and purpose of the Agreement, to determine the scope and content of that obligation. (Iv)Scope of the Obligation
7.516 The terms of the obligation in the first sentence of Article 61 of the TRIPS Agreement are that Members shall "provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied". That obligation applies to “willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on commercial scale". Within that scope, there are no exceptions. The obligation applies to all acts of willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale.
7.517 The Panel recalls its conclusion at paragraph 0 above that, in China, acts of trademark and copyright infringement falling below the applicable thresholds are not subject to criminal procedures and penalties. The issue that arises is whether any of those acts of infringement constitute "willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale" within the meaning of the first sentence of Article 61. This requires the Panel to consider the interpretation of that phrase.
7.518 The Panel notes that the first sentence of Article 61 contains no fewer than four limitations on the obligation that it sets forth. These define the scope of the relevant obligation and are not exceptions. The first limitation is that the obligation applies to trademarks and copyright rather than to all intellectual property rights covered by the TRIPS Agreement. The fourth sentence of Article 61 gives Members the option to criminalize other infringements of intellectual property rights, in particular where they are committed willfully and on a commercial scale. Despite the potential gravity of such infringements, Article 61 creates no obligation to criminalize them.
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案件一
美国钢铁保障措施案
案件二
中国汽车零部件案
案件三
中国知识产权案
案件四
中国出版物案
中国参与WTO案件统计