本书从调强放疗的步骤入手，概括介绍常用的放疗设备、照射方式、放疗目的、放疗的生物学原理等；**介绍调强放疗中的计算机应用技术，涉及剂量计算模型、放疗计划系统中的可行性问题，以及线性和非线性规划模型、放射生物学模型、带有剂量体积约束的规划模型、多目标规划模型、照射角度选择优化模型等。此外，本书对通量图的生成和调制、基于机器跳数的平滑方法和双向叶片运动通量图平滑模型等进行研究；讨论自动勾画的意义、需求和定义等，介绍阈值分割算法、区域分割算法、分水岭分割算法和马尔可夫随机场分割算法等常见的图像分割算法，**介绍一种加入区域信息的测地线活动轮廓模型、一种改进的V-Net 模型和一种基于等效生物剂量和硬件约束的一体化逆向计划模型，并介绍凸优化求解和剂量验证等。本书介绍的内容涉及面广，有助于读者了解调强放疗中的计算机应用技术，适合作为高等学校医学影像处理相关专业研究生和高年级本科生的教材，也适合相关科研人员和对调强放疗技术感兴趣的读者阅读。

第1 章 引言······················································································1 1.1 研究背景及意义······································································1 1.1.1 癌症的严重危害·····························································1 1.1.2 癌症的**方法·····························································3 1.1.3 放疗对于癌症**的贡献················································4 1.1.4 放疗技术发展的巨大潜力················································5 1.2 放疗技术的发展历史································································8 1.2.1 初级放疗时代································································8 1.2.2 常规放疗时代································································9 1.2.3 精准放疗时代································································9 1.2.4 小结·········································································.10 1.3 计算机应用技术对调强放疗技术的支撑作用·······························.11 第2 章 放疗中的硬件及放疗计划系统·················································.13 2.1 放疗的分类·········································································.13 2.1.1 基本概念···································································.13 2.1.2 放疗设备···································································.17 2.1.3 照射方式···································································.28 2.1.4 放疗目的···································································.32 2.1.5 放疗手段和技术··························································.33 2.1.6 剂量分割方式·····························································.37 2.2 放疗的生物学原理································································.38 2.3 调强放疗的步骤···································································.40 2.4 调强放疗中的射线调制设备····················································.43 2.5 逆向计划系统······································································.45 第3 章 调强放疗中的规划问题···························································.48 3.1 正向调强规划和逆向调强规划·················································.48 3.1.1 正向调强规划·····························································.48 3.1.2 逆向调强规划·····························································.49 3.2 调强放疗中的数学优化问题····················································.49 3.3 剂量计算模型和相关描述·······················································.50 3.4 放疗计划系统中的可行性问题·················································.51 3.5 调强放疗中的规划模型··························································.51 3.5.1 线性和非线性规划模型················································.51 3.5.2 放射生物学模型··························································.53 3.5.3 剂量体积约束模型·······················································.56 3.5.4 剂量体积约束优化问题················································.60 3.5.5 规范化距离信息排序···················································.63 3.5.6 混合整数规划模型·······················································.68 3.5.7 多目标规划模型··························································.69 3.5.8 照射角度选择优化模型················································.72 第4 章 通量图的平滑方法·································································.75 4.1 通量图的生成和调制·····························································.75 4.2 通量图的平滑······································································.78 4.3 图像去噪原理······································································.79 4.4 基于机器跳数的平滑方法·······················································.83 4.4.1 基于图像处理的平滑方法存在的问题······························.83 4.4.2 基于多叶准直器的静态调强放疗的剂量调制过程···············.84 4.4.3 无叶片碰撞约束的模型················································.87 4.4.4 后驱叶片同步约束模型················································.88 4.4.5 前驱叶片同步约束模型················································.90 4.4.6 前后叶片**时长同步模型··········································.91 4.4.7 舌槽欠剂量效应的直接约束··········································.94 4.4.8 带叶片碰撞约束的模型················································.95 4.5 双向叶片运动通量图平滑模型·················································.96 4.5.1 双向叶片运动通量图平滑模型介绍·································.96 4.5.2 实验及结果分析······················································