This report， consisting of 6 chapters and 13 topics， discusses the development of domestic energy-saving and new energy vehicles in detail from the following aspects： industrial environment， fuel consumption， product trends， technology application， power consumption evaluation and foreign development.
The industrial environment chapter provides a high-level overview of the overall development of the energy-saving and new energy vehicles industry from the perspectives of energy environment， poli

Contents


Ⅰ Industrial Environment Part

Special Topic 1 Energy Situations and Vehicle Energy
Consumption Measurement02
1．1 Global Vehicle Energy Development Strategies 02
1．1．1 China’s Energy Situations and Vehicle Energy Strategy 02
1．1．2 Energy Situation and Vehicle Energy Development Strategies of EU， US， and Japan05

1．2 Measuring Vehicle Energy Consumption in China10
1．2．1 Measuring Model of Total Vehicle Energy Consumption10
1．2．2 Vehicle in Operation Structure 11
1．2．3 Driving Distances of Vehicles 12
1．2．4 China Driving Range by Ages 14
1．2．5 Average Fuel Consumption Based on Vehicle Types 15
1．2．6 Vehicle Survival Rate Analysis 15
1．2．7 2017 Vehicle Energy Measurement Analysis 16

Special Topic 2 Overall Development of Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicle Industry19
2．1 Overall Development of the Energy-saving Vehicle Industry19
2．1．1 Policy Environment 19
2．1．2 China’s Current Energy-saving Vehicle Development 22

2．2 Overall Development of the New Energy Vehicle Industry30
2．2．1 Policy Environment of New Energy Vehicles 30
2．2．2 Market Environment of New Energy Vehicles 32
2．2．3 Supporting Environment for NEV Infrastructure 35

Special Topic 3 Development Trend of the Average Fuel Consumption of Passenger Cars40
3．1 The Fleet-wide Average FC41
3．1．1 The Development Trend of the Fleet-wide Average FC 41
3．1．2 Analysis of Fleet-wide Compliance Pressure in 2020
42

3．2 Fuel Consumption of Different Model Types43
3．2．1 FC Variation of Different Vehicle Types43
3．2．2 FC Variation of Different Origins44

3．3 CAFC and Compliance Performance of Enterprises46
3．3．1 Analysis of Quantity and Production (Including Import Volume) of Qualified Enterprises46
3．3．2 Analysis of Enterprises with Excellent Compliance Performance48
3．3．3 Analysis on Compliance Performance of Top 10 Enterprises by Production/Import Volume51

3．4 The Impact of New Energy Passenger Cars on the Calculation of Fuel Consumption53
3．4．1 Fleet-wide FC Before and After the Inclusion of New Energy Passenger Cars into Calculation53
3．4．2 CAFC of Typical Enterprises Before and After the Inclusion of New Energy Passenger Cars into Calculation54

Special Topic 4 Fuel Consumption of Commercial Vehicles58
4．1 Classification of Commercial Vehicles59
4．2 Fuel Consumption of Light Commercial Vehicles60
4．2．1 Fuel Consumption of Different Vehicle Types60
4．2．2 Comparison between Fuel Consumption and Limit Value65

4．3 Fuel Consumption of Heavy Commercial Vehicles68
4．3．1 Fuel Consumption of Different Vehicle Types68
4．3．2 Comparison between Fuel Consumption and Limit Value73

Special Topic 5 Development Trend of Related Properties of Passenger Cars on Energy Conservation82
5．1 Curb Weight82
5．2 Footprint Area88
5．3 Driving Type91
5．4 Average Displacement96
5．5 Average Power102
5．6 Average Torque108
5．7 Power/Curb Weight113
5．8 Power/Displacement118

Special Topic 6 Variation Trend of NEV Products Properties124
6．1 Variation Trend of NEV Products Properties 124
6．1．1 E-range124
6．1．2 Battery Capacity126
6．1．3 E-Range/Battery Capacity128
6．1．4 Power Consumption/ton·（100 km）-1129

6．2 Variation Trend of Development Characteristics of New Energy Commercial Vehicles131
6．2．1 Bus131
6．2．2 Special Vehicle136

Special Topic 7 Promotion and Application of Energy-saving Technology of Passenger Cars 140
7．1 Turbocharging Technology140
7．2 GDI Technology144
7．3 Three-cylinder Engine146
7．3．1 Development of Three-cylinder Engine Technology 147
7．3．2 Overview of Enterprises and Models Utilizing the Three-cylinder Engine Technology150

7．4 Miller Cycle Technology152
7．4．1 Development of Miller Cycle Technology153
7．4．2 Overview of Enterprises and Models Utilizing Miller Cycle Technology155
7．4．3 Introduction of Key Miller Cycle Engines158

7．5 Advanced Transmission Technology160
7．5．1 Development of Advanced Transmission Technology 160
7．5．2 Overview of Enterprises and Models Using 9AT， CVT and DCT164

7．6 Idling Stop-start Technology168
7．7 Hybrid Power Technology172
7．7．1 Development of Hybrid Power Technology172
7．7．2 Overview of Enterprises and Models Using the Hybrid Power Technology175

Special Topic 8 Technological Supporting Trend of Key Parts and Components of NEVs 178
8．1 Power Battery179
8．1．1 Current Situation of Supporting Power Battery Industry179
8．1．2 Current Situation of Power Battery Technology Development180
8．1．3 Development Opportunities and Challenges of Power Battery Industry182

8．2 Drive Motor183
8．2．1 Overview of Supporting Drive Motor Market183
8．2．2 Current Situation of Drive Motor Technology186
8．2．3 Trend of Drive Motor Technology187

8．3 Electronic Control System188
8．3．1 Overview of Supporting Electronic Control System Industry188
8．3．2 Development Trend of Electronic Control Technology 191

Special Topic 9 Special Study on Hot Technologies192
9．1 Alternative Fuel Technology192
9．1．1 Natural Gas Vehicle Technology193
9．1．2 Methanol Automobile Technology203
9．1．3 Ethanol Fuel Technology208
9．1．4 Biodiesel Fuel Technology214
9．1．5 Dimethyl Ether Fuel Technology217
9．1．6 Butanol-fueled Vehicle Technology219
9．1．7 PODE and ABE Fuel Technology220

9．2 Power Battery Technology222
9．2．1 Technology Background222
9．2．2 Requirements for Future Power Battery Systems223
9．2．3 Low Height Battery Pack227
9．2．4 Conclusion232

Special Topic 10 Evaluation of Energy-saving Competitiveness of Passenger Cars
234
10．1 Purpose and Significance of Energy-saving Competitiveness Evaluation234
10．2 Building the Evaluation System of Energy-saving Competitiveness of Passenger Cars235
10．2．1 Data Index System of Factor Analysis235
10．2．2 Introduction on the Evaluation Method of Energy-saving Competitiveness236

10．3 Evaluation and Rank of Energy-saving Competitiveness239
10．3．1 Evaluation and Rank of Energy-saving Competitiveness of Sedans239
10．3．2 Evaluation and Rank of Energy-saving Competitiveness of SUVs241
10．3．3 Evaluation and Rank of Energy-saving Competitiveness of MPVs243

Special Topic 11 Evaluation of the Gap between the Real-world Fuel Consumption and the Certified Fuel Consumption of Passenger Cars245
11．1 Background of Fuel Consumption Gap Evaluation in China246
11．1．1 Certified Fuel Consumption246
11．1．2 Real-world Fuel Consumption247
11．1．3 Purpose and Significance of Fuel Consumption Gap Evaluation248

11．2 Introduction on Study Method and Data Basis 249
11．2．1 Study Method249
11．2．2 Data Source and Sample Information250

11．3 FC Gap Analysis251
11．3．1 Overall Fuel Consumption Gap251
11．3．2 Regional Fuel Consumption Gap252
11．3．3 Technical Fuel Consumption Gap253
11．3．4 Brand Fuel Consumption Gap257

11．4 Evaluation Conclusions of the Gap between the Real-world Fuel Consumption and the Certified Fuel Consumption261
11．4．1 Summary of Fuel Consumption Gap Evaluation261
11．4．2 Analysis of Reasons behind FC Gap262
11．4．3 Recommendations of Vehicle Energy-saving Management Policies263

Special Topic 12 Research on Fuel Vehicle Sales Ban in Foreign Countries270
12．1 Overview of Foreign Plan to Ban the Sale of Conventional Vehicles270
12．2 Analysis of Current Situation of Automobile Industry Development in Typical Countries
273
12．2．1 Development Status of German Automobile Industry and Development Environment of New Energy Vehicles273
12．2．2 Development Status of British Automobile Industry and Development Environment of New Energy Vehicles274
12．2．3 Development Status of French Automobile Industry and Development Environment of New Energy Vehicles274
12．2．4 Analysis of Carbon Emission Reduction Plans in Typical Countries275

Special Topic 13 The Fuel Consumption Management Strategy and Regulatory Plan for EU Heavy-duty Vehicles279
13．1 EU Policy System for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in 2020279
13．2 Management Process of EU Heavy-duty Vehicle CO2 Emission281
13．3 Compilation of CO2 Emission Regulation for EU Heavy-duty Vehicles285

中国汽车技术研究**有限公司是1985年根据**对汽车行业管理的需要，经**批准成立的科研院所，现隶属于国有资产监督管理委员会。作为行业技术归口单位和**政府主管部门的技术支撑机构，中国汽车技术研究**主要协助政府开展汽车行业标准与技术法规、产品认证检测、质量体系认证、行业规划与政策研究、信息服务与软科学研究等工作。