Welcome to the world of business combinations. The 1990s witnessed a period of unparalleled growth in merger and acquisition activities in both the United States and in international markets (often referred to as merger mania), and the trend continues. Merger activities slowed with the stock market downturn in 2001, and again during the financial crisis of 2008, but as the market recovers, the pace has again picked up. The following firms announced combinations in 2013. Steinway (the piano manufacturer) agreed to be acquired by Kohlberg Co. for $438 million. Nokia bought out partner Siemens AGs 50% share in Nokia Siemens Networks for $2.2 billion. Japans SoftBank entered into an agreement to acquire Sprint for $21.6 billion, subject to Federal Communications Commission approval. Indias Apollo Tyres announced that it had agreed to acquire U.S. tire maker Cooper Tire Rubber Co. for $2.5 billion. Firms strive to produce economic value added for shareholders. Related to this strategy, expansion has long been regarded as a proper goal of business entities. A business may choose to expand either internally (building its own facilities) or externally (acquiring control of other firms in business combinations). The focus in this chapter is on why firms often prefer external over internal expansion options and how financial reporting reflects the outcome of these activities.