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语言引论(第八版)
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语言引论(第八版)

  • 作者:(美)(Victoria Fromkin)弗罗姆金 (美)(Robert Rodman) (美)(N
  • 出版社:北京大学出版社
  • ISBN:9787301120132
  • 出版日期:2007年01月01日
  • 页数:586
  • 定价:¥68.00
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    内容提要
    每一章的全面更新:新增了沃尔夫假说,神经语言学的*新成果,双语及双语教学的*新资料,句法处理的新方法,可以反映现代思维方式的语义语用学的新篇章,修订后的社会语言学一章侧重于*新的发现,另外还有一部分详细介绍了句法变化的问题。
    对语言学各组成部分(语音、音系、词法、句法、语义以及语用学)的*新、流行的导论性介绍。
    对美国符号语言学及通过文本体现的其他符号语言的介绍,使读者认识到这些符号语言也具备那些可以通过口头表达的语言的共同特点,也是真正的语言形式。
    每一章的结尾部分都会对**部分做一总结,并会列出相应的参考书目、进一步研究所需的阅读材料以及相关练习。
    书中使用的国际音标的用法。
    大量简洁的术语注释,详细的索引,都使文章易读易懂。
    该书的相关网址:www.thomsonedu.com/english/fromkin
    为您提供更为丰富的教与学资源,例如:网上测验、期末考试、章节提纲、书评、网站链接以及动画卡片等。
    文章节选
    “西方语言学原版影印系列丛书”是北京大学出版社外语编辑部建立以来的一个新产品,具有重大意义。随着国内高等教育的发展,这几年来本科生、硕士生和博士生的招生名额都扩大了,教材建设再次提上了日程。除组织国内老师自行编写外,从国外直接引进仍不失为一个有效途径。语言学是一门领先科学,因此本丛书的有些内容对其他专业的老师和学生、研究者,甚至业余学习者也有很高参考价值。例如,像有关语料库、认知语言学的著作除外语老师外,计算科学、统计学、认知科学、词典编辑等专业的研究人员和师生也有一读之必要。
    北大版“西方语言学原版影印系列丛书”的问世是意料中的事。早在2002年1月北京大学出版社已出版过“西方语言学丛书”,从剑桥大学出版社引进了六卷本《英语语言史》,Robert D.van Valin和Randy J.Lapolla的《句法:结构、意义与功能》,Andres Radford的《*简方案:句法理论与英语结构》……共七种,在外语界独树一
    帜。经过两至三年的摸索,经验更丰富了,视野更扩大了。这表现在选题方面语言学和应用语言学并重,这更符合研究生专业目录中有关“语言学和应用语言学”的基本要求。我们的学生既要有理论知识,也要有如何运用有关理论的知识,只有这样,才能将所学的专业知识更好地为**建设服务。
    另一点值得我们考虑的是,全面掌握语言学和应用语言学的专业知识固然是保证教学质量的一个方面,我们还要让高等学校的学生经常站在本学科的前沿,接触本学科的*新成果。掌握本学科的*新动向。这也是保证教材质量,从而保证所培养学生质量的—个重要方面。因此,本丛书既引进有关学科在各时期的经典著作,更注意引进21世纪的新著。长江后浪推前浪,许多经典著作*初也是以新著的形式问世的,其作者的年龄往往属于新生代。因此,时代意识是本系列丛书的一大特征。
    为了实现这一目标,本丛书采取灵活的出版发行方式,既可系统成套出版,也可成熟一本,出版一本。这样,只要国外有好的新著出版,北京大学出版社就可以根据该书的质量和国内的需要,及时引进。这在信息爆炸的今天,尤为重要。我们还认为,这套丛书的建设与广大读者的监督和支持是分不开的。我们欢迎读者对本丛书不足之处提出宝贵意见,我们更欢迎读者和业内行家向我们**有引进价值的著作!
    目录
    Contents
    Preface
    About the Authors
    PARTI
    The Nature of Human Language
    CHAPTER
    What Is Language?
    Linguistic Knowledge
    Knowledge of the Sound System
    Knowledge of Words
    Arbitrary Relation of Form and
    Meaning
    The Creativity of Linguistic
    Knowledge
    Knowledge of Sentences and
    Nonsentences
    Linguistic Knowledge and Performance
    What Is Grammar?
    Descriptive Grammars
    Prescriptive Grammars
    Teaching Grammars
    Language Universals
    The Development of Grammar
    Sign Languages: Evidence for the Innateness of Language
    American Sign Language
    Animal "Languages"
    "Talking" Parrots
    The Birds and the Bees
    Language and Thought
    What We Know about Language
    Summary
    References for Further Reading
    Exercises
    CHAPTER 2
    Brain and Language
    The Human Brain
    The Localization of Language in the Brain
    Aphasia
    Brain Imaging Technology
    Brain Plasticity and Lateralization
    in Early Life
    Split Brains
    Other Experimental Evidence of Brain
    Organization
    The Autonomy of Language
    Other Dissociations of Language and Cognition
    Laura
    Christopher
    Genetic Basis of Language
    Language and Brain Development
    The Critical Period
    A Critical Period for Bird Song
    The Evolution of Language
    In the Beginning: The Origin of Language
    God's Gift to Mankind?
    The First Language
    Human Invention or the Cries of Nature?
    The Development of Language in the Species
    Summary
    References for Further Reading
    Exercises
    PART 2
    Grammatical Aspects of Language
    CHAPTER 3
    Morphology: The Words of Language
    Dictionaries
    Content Words and Function Words
    Morphemes: The Minimal Units of Meaning
    Bound and Free Morphemes
    Prefixes and Suffixes
    Infixes
    Circumfixes
    Roots and Stems
    Huckles and Ceives
    Rules of Word Formation
    Derivational Morphology
    The Hierarchical Structure of Words
    More about Derivational
    Morphemes
    Lexical Gaps
    Rule Productivity
    "Pullet Surprises"
    Sign Language Morphology
    Word Coinage
    Words from Names
    Back-Formations
    Compounds
    Meaning of Compounds
    Universality of Compounding
    Blends
    Reduced Words
    Inflectional Morphemes
    Exceptions and Suppletions
    Morphology and Syntax
    Morphological Analysis: Identifying Morphemes
    Summary
    References for Further Reading
    Exercises
    CHAPTER 4
    Syntax: The Sentence Patterns of Language
    What the Syntax Rules Do
    What Grammaticality Is Not Based On
    Sentence Structure
    Constituents and Constituency Tests
    Syntactic Categories
    Phrase Structure Trees and Rules
    Some Conventions for Building Phrase
    Structure Trees
    The Infinity of Language
    Heads and Complements
    Selection
    What Heads the Sentence
    Structural Ambiguities
    More Structures
    Sentence Relatedness
    Transformational Rules
    Structure-Dependent Rules
    Syntactic Dependencies
    Wh Questions
    UG Principles and Parameters
    Sign Language Syntax
    Summary
    References for Further Reading
    Exercises
    CHAPTER 5
    The Meaning of Language
    What Speakers Know about Sentence Meaning
    Truth
    Entailment and Related Notions
    Ambiguity
    Compositional Semantics
    Semantic Rules
    Semantic Rule I
    Semantic Rule II
    hen Compositionality
    Goes Awry
    Anomaly
    Metaphor
    Idioms
    Lexical Semantics (Word Meanings)
    Theories of Word Meaning
    Reference
    Sense
    Lexical Relations
    Semantic Features
    Evidence for Semantic Features
    Semantic Features and Grammar
    Argument Structure
    Thematic Roles
    Pragmatics
    Pronouns
    Pronouns and Syntax
    Pronouns and Discourse
    Deixis
    More on Situational Context
    Maxims of Conversation
    Implicatures
    Speech Acts
    Summary
    References for Further Reading
    Exercises
    CHAPTER 6
    Phonetics: The Sounds of Language
    Sound Segments
    Identity of Speech Sounds
    The Phonetic Alphabet
    Articulatory Phonetics
    Consonants
    Places of Articulation
    Manner of Articulation
    Phonetic Symbols for American English Consonants
    Vowels
    Lip Rounding
    Diphthongs
    Nasalization of Vowels
    Tense and Lax Vowels
    Different (Tongue) Strokes for Different Folks
    Major Phonetic Classes
    Noncontinuants and Continuants
    Obstruents and Sonorants
    Consonantal
    Syllabic Sounds
    Prosodic Features
    Tone and Intonation
    Phonetic Symbols and Spelling Correspondences
    The "Phonetics" of Signed Languages
    Summary
    References for Further Reading
    Exercises
    CHAPTER 7
    Phonology: The Sound Patterns of Language
    The Pronunciation of Morphemes
    The Pronunciation of Plurals
    Additional Examples of Allomorphs
    Phonemes: The Phonological Units of Language
    Vowel Nasalization in English as
    an Illustration of Allophones
    Allophones of /t/
    Minimal Pairs in ASL
    Complementary Distribution
    Distinctive Features of Phonemes
    Feature Values
    Nondistinctive Features
    Phonemic Patterns May Vary Across
    Languages
    Natural Classes of Speech Sounds
    Feature Specifications for American
    English Consonants and Vowels
    The Rules of Phonology
    Assimilation Rules
    Dissimilation Rules
    Feature-Changing Rules
    Segment Insertion and Deletion
    Rules
    Movement (Metathesis) Rules
    From One to Many and from Many to One
    The Function of Phonological Rules
    Slips of the Tongue: Evidence
    for Phonological Rules
    Prosodic Phonology
    Syllable Structure
    Word Stress
    Sentence and Phrase Stress
    Intonation
    Sequential Constraints of Phonemes
    Lexical Gaps
    Why Do Phonological Rules Exist?
    Phonological Analysis: Discovering Phonemes
    Summary
    References for Further Reading
    Exercises
    PART 3
    The Psychology of Language
    CHAPTER 8
    Language Acquisition
    Mechanisms of Language Acquisition
    Do Children Learn through
    Imitation?
    Do Children Learn through
    Reinforcement?
    Do Children Learn Language through
    Analogy?
    Do Children Learn through Structured
    Input?
    Children Construct Grammars
    The Innateness Hypothesis
    Stages in Language Acquisition
    The Perception and Production of Speech Sounds
    First Words
    The Development of Grammar
    The Acquisition of Phonology
    The Acquisition of Word Meaning
    The Acquisition of Morphology
    The Acquisition of Syntax
    The Acquisition of Pragmatics
    The Development of Auxiliaries: A Case Study
    Setting Parameters
    The Acquisition of Signed Languages
    Knowing More Than
    One Language
    Childhood Bilingualism
    Theories of Bilingual Development
    Two Monolingual in One Head
    The Role of Input
    Cognitive Effects of Bilingualism
    Second Language Acquisition
    Is L2 Acquisition the Same as LI
    Acquisition?
    Native Language Influence in L2
    Acquisition
    The Creative Component ofL2
    Acquisition
    Is There a Critical Period for L2
    Acquisition?
    Second-Language Teaching Methods
    Can Chimps Learn Human Language?
    Summary
    References for Further Reading
    Exercises
    CHAPTER 9
    Language Processing: Humans and Computers
    The Human Mind at Work: Human Language Processing
    Comprehension
    The Speech Signal
    Speech Perception and Comprehension
    Bottom-up and Top-down Models
    Lexical Access and Word Recognition
    Syntactic Processing
    Speech Production
    Planning Units
    Lexical Selection
    Application and Misapplication
    of Rules 377 Nonlinguistic Influences
    Computer Processing of Human Language
    Frequency Analysis, Concordances,
    and Collocations
    Information Retrieval and
    Summarization
    Spell Checkers
    Machine Translation
    Computers That Talk and Listen
    Computational Phonetics and Phonology
    Computational Morphology
    Computational Syntax
    Computational Semantics
    Computational Pragmatics
    Computer Models of Grammar
    Summary
    References for Further Reading
    Exercises
    PART 4
    Language and Society
    CHAPTER 10
    Language in Society
    Dialects
    Regional Dialects
    Accents
    Dialects of English
    Social Dialects
    The "Standard"
    African American English
    Latino (Hispanic) English
    Genderlects
    Sotiolinguistic Analysis
    Languages in Contact
    Lingua Francas
    Pidgins
    Creoles
    Language in Use
    Styles
    Slang
    Jargon and Argot
    Taboo or Not Taboo?
    Euphemisms
    Racial and National Epithets
    Language and Sexism
    Marked and Unmarked Forms
    The Generic "He"
    Secret Languages and Language Games
    Summary
    References for Further Reading
    Exercises
    CHAPTER 11
    Language Change: The Syllables of Time
    The Regularity of Sound
    Change
    Sound Correspondences
    Ancestral Protolanguages
    Phonological Change
    Phonological Rules
    The Great Vowel Shift
    Morphological Change
    Syntactic Change
    Lexical Change
    Addition of New Words
    Borrowings or Loan Words
    History through Loan Words
    Loss of Words
    Semantic Change
    Broadening
    Narrowing
    Meaning Shifts
    Reconstructing "Dead" Languages
    The Nineteenth-Century
    Comparativists
    Cognates
    Comparative Reconstruction
    Historical Evidence
    Extinct and Endangered Languages
    The Genetic Classification of Languages
    Languages of the World
    Types of Languages
    Why Do Languages Change?
    Summary
    References for Further Reading
    Exercises
    CHAPTER 12
    Writing: The ABCs of Language
    The History of Writing
    Pictograms and Ideograms
    Cuneiform Writing
    The Rebus Principle
    From Hieroglyphics to the Alphabet
    Modern Writing Systems
    Word Writing
    Syllabic Writing
    Consonantal Alphabet Writing
    Alphabetic Writing
    Reading, Writing, and Speech
    Reading
    Spelling
    Spelling Pronunciations
    Summary
    References for Further Reading
    Exercises
    GLOSSARY
    INDEX 567
    ……
    编辑推荐语
    《语言引论》一书是适合所有层次学生的理想教材,包含语言教学的诸多领域,诸如语言学、英语、教育、外国语言、心理学、人类学、社会学以及英语作为第二语言的教学。继承作者始终如一的写作与出版理念,每一版本都努力做到*前沿、*完整、内容*丰富,第八版的修订版除了保留面向学生的友善和情趣横生的风格之外,反映了语言学领域内*新的研究成果。 *全面的语言学导论,已经成为我的案头书。——约翰·奥森, 英国伦敦法律语言研究所所长

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