Genetics 遗传学
A:Have you any idea where this science of Genetics is going?
B:None at all! It seems to be such a vast field, with so many deviations, that it’s near impossible to keep up to date.
A:Keeping up to date is one thing; it’s the future that worries me.
B:Yeah. Me too. It’s raising a lot of ethical questions which haven’t been broached before and, for which, there doesn’t seem to be any easy answers.
A:That’s especially true when genetics becomes involved with humans.
B:You’re talking about cloning and designer babies, I presume?
A:Yes, they are two contentious areas along with stem cell research and human enhancement.
B:But, if the aim is to wipe out disease and eliminate disabilities, surely that’s a good thing?
A:Yes it is but, scientists, as a whole, tend to be an amoral bunch when it comes to, so called, “pure” research.
B:The quest for knowledge does, sometimes, get divorced from the application of that knowledge.
A:That’s exactly it! Where does cloning go? How far does it go? Can we live with a dead person being cloned and brought back to life?
B:God! What a question!
A:Does God know the answer? Does religion know the answer? Or, is the only criteria, “If it’s possible, let’s do it”?
B:I think society has to be the final arbiter.
A:Easier said than done. What do you mean by “society”? How do you define “society”? If you mean “people,” how are they really going to have a say?
B:I once read a book called, “The Tomorrow File.” It was all about genetic engineering in the future, where people are bred according to intelligence levels.
A:What do you mean? What was the book saying?
B:Basically, it said that people were bred to fit the demands of society. There was an intelligence level for workers, one for administrators and one for leaders.
A:That sounds horrible. Could that sort of thing actually happen?
B:According to the author, everything he wrote about in 1976 was possible, even then.
A:对于遗传学将怎样发展,你有什么看法吗?
B:一点也没有,因为这应该是一个很广阔的研究领域,有很多分支研究方向,所以几乎不可能随时了解其*新发展动态。
A:不能随时了解*新发展动态倒没什么,真正使我担心的是它的未来发展方向。
B:没错,我也是。它引发了许多****的道德问题,而对这些问题的回答也很难。
A:特别是与人类相关的遗传学研究,尤其问题多多,难以找到答案。
B:我想你说的是克隆人和制造婴儿吧?
A:没错,这是两个颇具争议的研究领域,与干细胞研究和改良人种有关。
B:但如果其目的是消灭疾病与消除残疾,那无疑是件好事,对吗?
A:是的,但当谈论到所谓的“纯研究”,科学家们就是一个超越道德的群体。
B:有时,对知识的探求与对知识的应用,这两方面是截然分开的。
A:没错!克隆技术将如何发展?会发展到什么程度?若人死了之后又因被克隆而复生,对此我们是否能够容忍?
B:天啦!这是什么问题啊!
A:上帝知道答案吗?宗教知道答案吗?或者**的标准就是“只要可能,我们就去做吧”?
B:我想,这需要由社会来做出*终的裁判。
A:说起来容易做起来难。什么是社会?你如何定义社会?如果你所指的就是“百姓”,那他们如何才能真正拥有话语权?
B:我读过一本书,叫作《明日档案》。都是关于未来遗传工程的,说到时候,要根据不同的智力水平,来决定生什么样的人。
A:你是什么意思?那本书说什么了?
B:大体上说的就是,根据社会的智力水平需求,来决定生出什么样的人。比如工人有工人的智力水平,管理者有管理者的智力水平,而***有***的智力水平,因此,要多少什么样的人,就按照智力水平来生出多少。
A:听起来真恐怖。那种事情真的会发生吗?
B:这本书是1976年写的,根据作者的观点,书中所写的一切即便是在1976年都有可能发生。