Brief Contents Preface xxiii C H A P T E R 1 Introduction to Psychology 2 M O D U L E 1 Psychologists at Work 5 M O D U L E 2 A Science Evolves: The Past, the Present, and the Future 14 M O D U L E 3 Research in Psychology 26 M O D U L E 4 Critical Research Issues 40 C H A P T E R 2 Neuroscience and Behavior 48 M O D U L E 5 Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior 51 M O D U L E 6 The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body 60 M O D U L E 7 The Brain 68 C H A P T E R 3 Sensation and Perception 86 M O D U L E 8 Sensing the World Around Us 89 M O D U L E 9 Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye 94 M O D U L E 1 0 Hearing and the Other Senses 104 M O D U L E 1 1 Perceptual Organization: Constructing Our View of the World 116 C H A P T E R 4 States of Consciousness 130 M O D U L E 1 2 Sleep and Dreams 133 M O D U L E 1 3 Hypnosis and Meditation 147 M O D U L E 1 4 Drug Use: The Highs and Lows of Consciousness 152 C H A P T E R 5 Learning 166 M O D U L E 1 5 Classical Conditioning 169 M O D U L E 1 6 Operant Conditioning 177 M O D U L E 1 7 Cognitive Approaches to Learning 192 C H A P T E R 6 Memory 202 M O D U L E 1 8 The Foundations of Memory 205 M O D U L E 1 9 Recalling Long-Term Memories 218 M O D U L E 2 0 Forgetting: When Memory Fails 228 C H A P T E R 7 Thinking, Language, and Intelligence 238 M O D U L E 2 1 Thinking and Reasoning 241 M O D U L E 2 2 Language 257 M O D U L E 2 3 Intelligence 266 C H A P T E R 8 Motivation and Emotion 286 M O D U L E 2 4 Explaining Motivation 289 M O D U L E 2 5 Human Needs and Motivation: Eat, Drink, and Be Daring 296 <p style="color:#666666;font-family:, Arial