《Java语言:计算机科学与程序设计》是由**作者Walter Savitch编写的,主要介绍了Java 程序设计,对Java语言的主要特点和应用编程进行了全面讲述。《Java语言:计算机科学与程序设计》*显著的特点是,作者采用通俗易懂的方式,结合Java语方,介绍了各种基本编程技术,阐述了面向对象编程技术与计算机科学的各种概念。《Java语言:计算机科学与程序设计》每章后附本章小结,并提供了测试题和答案、编程项止练习,以帮助学生对所学知识的掌握,提高学生的实际编程能力。《Java语言:计算机科学与程序设计》配套光盘包含了范例程序代码和相应软件。
《Java语言:计算机科学与程序设计》可作为计算机科学及相关专业的Java程序设计教材,也是Java开发人员的很好参考书。

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This book was designed to be used in a first course in programming and computer science.It covers programming techniques, as well as the basics of the Java programming language. It is suitable for courses as short as one quarter or as long as one full academic year.No previous programming experience is required, nor is any mathematics, other than a little high school algebra. The book can also be used for a course designed to teach Java to students who have already had another programming course, in which case the first few chapters can be assigned as outside reading. (For students who have had previous programming experience in C or C++, there is an appendix that explains some of the differences between Java and C or C++.)
All of the code in the book has been tested with Java 2 from Sun Microsystems (version 1.4). To be fully compatible with the material presented, the Java used in your class should be version 1.4 or higher. The coverage of Java was carefully arrived at by class testing and is a concise, accessible introduction for beginners.
Changes in This Edition
If you have not used the second edition of this text, you can skip this subsection. If you have used the second edition, this subsection will tell you how this third edition differs from that edition.
For instructors, the transition from the second edition of the text to this third edition is easy: You can teach the same course, with basically the same topics presented, in the same order and with only very minor changes in the material covered.

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Computers and Java
Objectives
Prerequisites
1.1 Computer Basics
Hardware and Memory
Programs
Programming Languages and Compilers
Java Byte-Code
Linking
1.2 Designing Programs
Object-Oriented Programming
Encapsulation
Polymorphism
Inheritance
If You Know Some Other Programming Language
Ngorithms
Reusable Components
Testing and Debugging
6otcha: Coping with "Gotchas"
6otcha: Hidden Errors
1.3 A Sip of Java
History of the Java Language
Applets
A First Java Application Program
Compiling a Java Program or Class
Running a Java Program
Preview Examples of Applets (Optional)
Chapter Summary
Answers to Self-Test Questions
Programming Projects

CHAPTER 2 Primitive Types, Strings, and Console I/O
Objectives
Prerequisites
2.1 Primitive Types and Expressions
Variables
Java Identifiers
6otcha: Java Is Case-Sensitive
Primitive Types
Assignment Statements
Specialized Assignment Operators
Simple Input and Output
Number Constants
Assignment Compatibilities
Type Casting
Java Tip: Type Casting a Character to an Integer
Programming Tip: Initialize Variables
Gotcha: Imprecision in Floating-Point Numbers
Arithmetic Operators
Parentheses and Precedence Rules
Case Study: Vending Machine Change
Increment and Decrement Operators
More about the Increment and Decrement Operators
2.2 The Class String
String Constants and Variables
Concatenation of Strings
Classes
String Methods
String Processing
Escape Characters
The Unicode Character Set
2.3 Keyboard and Screen I/O
Screen Output
Input Using SavitchIn
More Input Methods
Gotcha: readInt and readDoub3 e
Programming Tip: Echo Input
2.4 Documentation and Style
Programming Tip: Use Meaningful Names for Variables
Documentation and Comments
Indenting
Named Constants
Chapter Summary
Answers to Self-Test Questions
Programming Projects

CHAPTER 3 Flow of Control
Objectives
Prerequisites
3.1 Branching Statements
The if-else Statement
Introduction to Boolean Expressions
Gotcha: Using==with Strings
Programming Tip: Alphabetical Order
Nested Statements and Compound Statements
Java Tip: Matching else and if
Multibranch if-el se Statements
Programming Example: Assigning Letter Grades
The switch Statement
Gotcha: Omitting a break Statement
The Conditional Operator (Optional)
3.2 Java Loop Statements
while Statements
Java Tip: A while Loop Can Perform Zero Iterations
The do-while Statement
Programming Example: Bug Infestation
Gotcha: Infinite Loops
The for Statement
the Camma in for Statements (Optional)
Gotcha: Extra Semicolon in a Loop Statement
Java Tip: Choosing a Loop Statement
The break Statement in Loops
Gotcha: Misuse of break Statements
The exit Method
3.3 Programming with Loops
The Loop Body
Initializing Statements
Ending a Loop
Programming Example: Nested Loops
Programming Tip: Avoid Declaring Variables in a Loop Body
Loop Bugs
Tracing Variables
3.4 The Type boolean
Boolean Expressions and Boolean Variables
Programming Tip: Naming Boolean Variables
Precedence Rules
Input and Output of Boolean Values
Case Study: Using a Boolean Variable to End a Loop
Chapter Summary
Answers to Self-Test Questions
Programming Projects

CHAPTER 4 Defining Classes and Methods
Objectives
Prerequisites
4.1 Class and Method Definitions
Class Files and Separate Compilation
Instance Variables
Using Methods
void Method Definitions
Methods That Return a Value
Java Tip: Use of return in void Methods
The this Parameter
Local Variables
Blocks
Gotcha:Variables Declared in a Block
Java Tip: Declaring Variables in a for Statement
Parameters of a Primitive Type
Gotcha: Use of the Terms Parameter and Argument
Summary of Class and Method Definition Syntax
4.2 Information Hiding and Encapsulation
Information Hiding
Programming Tip: Parameter Names Are Local to the Method
Precondition and Postcondition Comments
Java Tip: Assertion Checks
The publ i c and private Modifiers
Programming Tip: Instance Variables Should Be private
Programming Example: A Purchase Class
Encapsulation
Automatic Documentation with javadoc
UML Class Diagrams
4.3 Objects and Reference
Variables of a Class Type and Objects
Gotcha: Use of = and == with Variables of a Class Type
Java Tip: Define an equal s Method for Your Classes
Programming Example: A Species Class
Boolean-Valued Methods
Class Parameters
Comparing Class Parameters and Primitive-Type Parameters
Chapter Summary
Answers to Self-Test Questions
Programming Projects

CHAPTER 5 More About Objects and Methods
Objectives
Prerequisites
5.1 Programming with Methods
Methods Calling Methods
Programming Tip: Make Helping Methods Private
Java Tip: Make the compiler Happy
Gotcha: Null Pointer Exception
5.2 Static Methods and Static Variables
Static Methods
Gotcha: Invoking a Nonstatic Method Within a Static Method
Java Tip: You Can Put a main in Any Class
Static Variables (Optional)
The Math Class
Integer, Double, and Other Wrapper Classes
5.3 Designing Methods
Case Study: Formatting Output
Top-Down Design
Testing Methods
5.4 Overloading
Overloading Basics
Programming Example: A Pet Class
Gotcha: Overloading and Automatic Type Conversion
Gotcha: You Cannot Overload on the Basis of the Returned Type
Programming Example: A Class for Money
5.5 Constructors
Defining Constructors
Programming Tip: You Can Use Other Methods in a Constructor
Gotcha: Omitting the Default Constructor
Gotcha: Many Wrapper Classes Have No Default Constructor
5.6 Information Hiding Revisited
Gotcha: Privacy Leaks
5.7 Packages
Packages and importing
Package Names and Directodes
Gotcha: Not Including the Current Directory in Your Class Path
Name Clashes
Chapter Summary
Answers to Self-Test Questions
Programming Projects

CHAPTER 6 Arrays
Objectives
Prerequisites
6.1 Array Basics
Creating and Accessing Arrays
Array Details
Programming Tip: Use Singular Array Names
The length Instance Variable
Java Tip: Array Indices Start with Zero
Programming Tip: Use a for Loop to Step Through an Array
Gotcha: Array Index Out of Bounds
Initializing Arrays
6.2 Arrays in Classes and Methods
Case Study: Sales Report
Indexed Vadablas as Method Arguments
Entire Arrays as Method Arguments
Arguments for the Method mai n
Gotcha: Use of = and == with Arrays
Methods That Return Arrays
6.3 Progrannning with Arrays and Classes
Programming Example: A Specialized List Class
Partially Filled Arrays
Searching an Array
Gotcha: Returning an Array Instance Variable
6.4 Sorting Arrays
Selection Sort
Other Sorting Algorithms
6.5 Multidimensional Arrays
Multidimensional-Array Basics
Multidimensional-Array Parameters and Returned Values
Implementation of Multidimensional Arrays
Bagged Arrays (OpUonal)
Programming Example: Employee Time Records
Chapter Summary
Answers to Self-Test Questions
Programming Projects

CHAPTER 7 Inheritance
Objectives
Prerequisites
7.1 Inheritance Basics
Programming Example: A Person Class
Derived Classes
Overriding Method Definitions
Overriding Versus Overloading
The final Modifier
Gotcha: Use of Private Instance Variables from the Base Class
Programming Tip: Assume That Your Coworkers Are Malicious
Gotcha: Private Methods Are Not Inherited
UML Inheritance Diagrams
7.2 Programming with Inheritance
Constructors in Derived Classes
The this Method (OpUonal)
Call to an Overridden Method
Programming Example: Multilevel Derived Classes
A Subtle Point About Overloading and Overriding (Optional)
Java Tip: You Cannot Use Multiple supers
Programming Tip: An Object Can Have More than One Type
Programming Tip: "Is a" and "Has a" Relations
The Class Object
Case Study: Character Graphics
Abstract Classes
Interlaces (Optional)
7.3 Dynamic Binding and Polymorphism
Dynamic Binding
Type Checking and Dynamic Binding
Dynamic Binding with toString
Polymorphism
Java Tip: A Better equal s Method (Optional)
Chapter Summary
Answers to Self-Test Questions
Programming Projects

CHAPTER 8 Exception Handling
Objectives
Prerequisites
8.1 Basic Exception Handling
Exceptions in Java
Predefined Exception Classes
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException (Alternative Ordering)
8.2 Defining Exception Classes
Defining Your Own Exception Classes
Java Tip: Preserve getMessage When You Define Exception Classes
Programming Tip: When to Define an Exception Class
8.3 Using Exception Classes
Declaring Exceptions (Passing the Buck)
Exceptions That De Not Need To Be Caught
The Assertion Error Class (Optional)
Multiple Throws and Catches
Java Tip: Catch the More Specific Exception First
Programming Tip: Exception Handling and Information Hiding
Gotcha: Overuse of Exceptions
Programming Tip: When to Throw an Exception
Gotcha: Nested try-catch Blocks
The finally Block (Optional)
Rethrowing an Exception (Optional)
Case Study' A Line-Oriented Calculator
Chapter Summary
Answers to Self-Test Questions
Programming Projects

CHAPTER 9 Streams and File I/O
Objectives
Prerequisites
9.1 An Overview of Streams and File I/O
The Concept of a Stream
Why Use Files for I/O?
Differences between Text Files and Binary Files
9.2 Text-File I/O
Text-File Output with PrintWriter
Gotcha: A try Block Is a Block
Gotcha: Overwriting a File
Java Tip: Appending To a Text File
Java Tip: Use toString for Text-File Output
Text-File Input with BufferedReader
Programming Example: Reading a File Name from the Keyboard
Java Tip: Using Path Names
The StringTokeni zer Class
Java Tip: Testing for the End of a Text File
The Classes FileReader and FileOutputStream
Unwrapping the Class Savi tchIn
9.3 The File Class
Using the File Class
9.4 Basic Binary-File I/O
Output to Binary Files, Using ObjectOutputStream
Some Details about writeUTF (Optional)
Reading Input from a Binary File, Using ObjectInputStream
Gotcha: Using ObjectInputStream with a Text File
Gotcha: Defining a Method to Open a Stream
The EOFExcepti on Class
Gotcha: Forgetting to Check for the End of a File
Gotcha: Checking for the End of a File in the Wrong Way
The Classes Fi I eInputSt ream and File0utputStream
Programming Example: Processing a File of Binary Data
9.5 Object I/O with Object Streams
Binary I/0 of Class Objects
Gotcha: Exceptions, Exceptions, Exceptions
The Serializable Interface
Gotcha: Mixing Class Types in the Same File
Array Objects in Binary Files
Chapter Summary
Answers to Self-Test Questions
Programming Projects

CHAPTER 10 Dynamic Data Structures
Objectives
Prerequisites
10.1 Vectors
Using Vectors
Programming Tip: Adding to a Vector
Gotcha: Vector Elements Are of Type Object
Comparing Vectors and Arrays
Gotcha: Using capacity Instead of size
Java Tip: Use trimToSize to Save Memory
Gotcha: Using the Method clone
Java Tip: Newer Collection Classes (Optional)
10.2 Linked Data Structures
Linked Lists
Gotcha: Null Pointer Exception
Gotcha: Privacy Leaks
Inner Classes
Node Inner Classes
Iterators
Programming Tip: Internal and External Iterators
Exception Handling with Linked Lists
Variations on a Linked List
Other Linked Data Structures
Chapter Summary
Answers to Self-Test Questions
Programming Projects

CHAPTER 11 Recursion
Objectives
Prerequisites
11.1 The Basics of Recursion
Case Study: Digits to Words
How Recursion Works
Gotcha: Infinite Recursion
Recursive versus Iterative DefinItions
Recursive Methods That Return a Value
11.2 Programming with Recursion
Programming Tip: Ask Until the User Gets It Right
Case Study: Binary Search
Programming Tip: Generalize the Problem
Programming Example: Merge Sort--A Recursive Sorting Method
Chapter Summary
Answers to Self-Test Questions
Programming Projects
CHAPTER 12 Window Interfaces Using Swing
Objectives
Prerequisites
12.1 Background
GUIs---Graphical User Interfaces
Event-Driven Programming
12.2 Basic Swing Details
Gotcha: Save All Your Work before Running a Swing Program
Programming Example: A Simple Window
Java Tip: Ending a Swing Program
Gotcha: Forgetting to Program the Close-Window Button
Gotcha: Forgetting to Use getContentPane
More about Window Listeners
Size Units for Screen Objects
More on setVisible
Programming Example: A Better Version of Our First Swing Program
Programming Example: A Window with Color
Some Methods of the Class JFrame
Layout Managers
12.3 Buttons and Action Listeners
Programming Example: Adding Buttons
Buttons
Action Listeners and Action Events
Gotcha: Changing the Parameter List for actionPerformed
Interfaces
Java Tip: Code a GUI's Look and Actions Separately
The Model-View--Controller Pattern
Java Tip: Use the Method setActionCommand
12.4 Container Classes
The JPanel Class
The Eontainer Class
Java Tip: Guide for Creating Simple Window Interfaces
12.5 Text I/O for GUIs
Text Areas and Text Fields
Programming Example: Labeling a Text Field
Inputting and Outputting Numbers
Programming Example: A GUI Adding Machine
Catching a NumberFormatExcepti on
Chapter Summary
Answers to Self-Test Questions
Programming Projects

CHAPTER 13 Applets and HTML
CHAPTER 14 More Swing

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