《英语诗歌导读》是一部英语诗歌学习入门教材，旨在帮助学者认识诗歌、理解诗歌、鉴赏诗歌。它将领你进入诗歌的意境，领略英诗的风采，获得美的享受。

1.6Symbol and Allusion
Symbol can refer to anything, for an example, an object, person,reason, animal or other concrete items that used to stands for or represent something else beyond it--usually an idea or an emotion conventionally associated with it. A symbol does not have one stock meaning.Symbols are useful for poets because they are rich in connotation.
Allusions are closely related to symbols. An allusion is a word or phrase that refers to something or someone in history or in literature.Through the use of allusion, the tales which surround well-known in dividuals or events are made part of our understanding of the present.To say that a man is old and has suffered much, but has also achievedmuch, is a fine sentiment. To say he is, or is like, Ulysses states much more for those who know of the celebrated wanderings of the Greek hero.
Examples of Symbols
What symbols are used in these excerpts？ What do they symbolize？ What meanings do the symbols add to the poems？
a） "Presentiment--is that long Shadow--on the Lawn
Indicative that Suns go down
The Notice to the startled Grass
That Darkness--is about to pass-"
b） "The trumpet of a prophecy！ O Wind,
If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind？" 英语诗歌是我国高校英语专业高年级文学课程中的一个重要内容。学习英语诗歌不仅可以提高学生对英语语言的敏感性和综合运用语言的能力，还可以陶冶情操，提高人文素养和审美情趣。学习英语诗歌除了需要具备一定的语言功底外，还需要掌握一些英语���歌的基本知识和文体特点。只有了解和把握了英语诗歌的基本特征和写作风格，才能更好地理解和鉴赏英诗。《英语诗歌导读》是一部英语诗歌学习入门教材，旨在帮助初学者认识诗歌、理解诗歌、鉴赏诗歌。它将领你进入诗歌的意境，领略英诗的风采，获得美的享受。
本书的编写体例是以英语诗歌的基本知识为主线，以英语诗歌为范例，理论知识和阅读实践紧密结合，做到学以致用。全书共分为五章。**章介绍英语诗歌的语言特征，包括诗歌语言的涵义、修辞语言、意象、象征和典故。第二章介绍英语诗歌的音韵，包括英语诗歌的音律、格律和韵式。第三章介绍英语诗歌的题材和主题，包括自然、爱情、生与死、战争与和平、道德与哲理。第四章介绍英语诗歌的体式，包括叙事诗、抒情诗和说教诗。第五章是英诗鉴赏，介绍十首英美作家的名篇佳作。
本书所选诗歌题材广泛，数量丰富，共选人49位诗人的79篇作品，其中有英美**诗人的名篇，也有名不见经传诗人的佳作，为学习者提供了丰富的阅读材料。本书所选诗歌都**代表性、欣赏性和可读性。

前言
Pages of Titles and Authors
IntroductionWhat is Poetry？
Chapter I The Language of Poetry
1.1Introduction
1.2Connotation and Denotation
1.3Figurative Language
1.3.1Simile and Metaphor
1.3.2Personification
1.3.3Apostrophe
1.4Irony
1.5Imagery
1.6Symbol and Allusion
1.7Figurative Language and Its Uses
1.8Poems for Interpretation

Chapter IIThe Sound of Poetry
2.1Introduction
2.2Rhythm
2.2.1Patterns of Rhythm
2.2.2The Effects of Rhythm
2.3Sound in Poetry
2.3.1The Kinds of Rhyme
2.3.2The Sounds of Words
2.4Poems for Interpretation

Chapter IIIThe Subjects and Themes of Poetry
3.1Poetic Subjects and Themes
3.2Poetry on Nature
3.3Poetry on Love
3.4Poetry on Death
3.5Poetry on War and Peace
3.6Poetry on Morality and Philosophy

Chapter IVThe Forms of Poetry
4.1Introduction
4.2Narrative Poems
4.2.1The Ballad
4.2.2The Epic
4.2.3The Dramatic Monologue
4.3Lyric Poems
4.3.1The Sonnet
4.3.2The Ode
4.3.3The Elegy
4Didactic Poems
5Closed and Open Forms
4.5.1Closed Form
4.5.2Open Form
Chapter VPoems for Further Study
Author Bibliographies
Glossary of Literary Terms
Works Cited
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