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BRIEF CONTENTS
Mechanics
1 Units,Physical Quantities,and Vectors
2 Motion Along a Straight Line
3 Motion in Two or Three Dimensions
4 Newton,s Laws of Motion
3 Applying Newton's Laws
6 Work and Kinetic Energy
7 Potential Energyand Energy Conservation
8 Momentum,Impulse,and Collisions
9 Rotation of Rigid Bodies
10 Dynamics of Rotational Motion
11 Equilibrium and Elasticity
12 Gravitation
13 Periodic Motion
14 F1uid Mechanics Waves/Acoustics
15 Mechanical Waves
16 Sound and HearingThermodynamics
17 Temperature and Heat
18 Thermal Properties of Matter
19 The First Law of Thermodynamics
20 The Second Law of ThermodynamicsElectromagnetism
21 Electric Charge and Electric Field
22 Gauss S Law
23 Electric Potential
24 Capacitance and Dielectrics
25 Current.Resistance,and Electromotive Force
26 Direct.Current Circuits
27 Magnetic Field and Magnetic Forces
28 Sources of Magnetic Field
29 Electromagnetic Induction
30 Inductance
31 Alternating Current
32 Electromagnetic WaveOptics
33 The Nature and Propagation of Light
34 Geometric Opticsand Optical Instruments
35 Interference
36 DiffractionModern Physics
37 Relativity
38 Photons,Electrons,and Atoms
39 The wave Nature of Particles
40 Quantum Mechanics
41 Atomic Structure
42 Molecules and Condensed Matter
43 Nuclear Physics
44 Particle Physics and CosmologyAPPENDICES
A The International System of Units A-
B Useful Mathematical Relations A-
C The Greek Alphabet A-
D Periodic Table of Elements A-
E Unit Conversion Factors A-
F Numerical Constants A-
Answers to 0dd-Numbered Problems A-

The development of physical theory requires creativity at every stage.The physicist has to learn to ask appropriate questions,design experiments to try to answer the questions,and draw appropriate conclusions from the results.Fig-ure 1~shows two famous experimental facilities. Legend has it that Galileo Galilei(1564-1642)dropped fight and heavy objects from the top ofthe Leaning Tower ofPisa(Fig.1.1a)to find out whether meir rates of fall were the same or different.Galileo recognized that only experi.mental investigation could answer this question.From examining the results of his experiments(which were actually much more sophisticated than in the leg.end),he made the inductive leap to the principle,or theory,that the acceleration of a falling body is independent of its weight.
The development of physical theories such as Galileo’s is alwaysa two.way process that starts and ends with observations or expedmen~.This development often takes an indirect path,with blind alleys,wrong guesses,and the discarding of unsuccessful theories in favor of more promising Ones.-Physics is not simply a collection of facts and princil;}les;it is also the process by which we arrive at gen.eral principles that describe how the physical universe behaves. No theory is ever regarded as the final or ultimate truth.The possibility always”exists that new observations will require that a theory be revised or discarded.It isin t11e nature of physical theory that we can disprove a theory by finding behaviormat 1s inconsistent wlth 1t,but we can never prove that a theory is always correct. Getting back to Galileo,suppose we drop a feather and a cannonball.Thevcertainly do not faU at the same rate.This does not mean that Galileo was wrong;lt means that his theory was incomplete.If we drop the feather and the cannon.ball in a Vacuum to eliminate the effects ofthe air,then they do fall at the samerate.Galileo’s theory has a range of validity:It applies only to objects for whichthe force exerted by the air(due to air resistance and buoyancy)is much 1ess thanthe weight.Objects like feathers or parachutes are clearly outside this range. Every physical theory has a range of validity outside of which it is not appli,cable.Often a new development in physics extends a principle’s range of valid-ity.Galileo’s analysis of falling bodies was greatly extended half a century laterby Newton’s laws of motion and law of gravitation.
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休 D.杨(Hugh D.Young) is Emeritus Professor of Physics at Carnegie Mellon Universityin Pittsburgh,PA.He attended Carnegie Mellon for both undergraduate and grad-uate study and earned his Ph.D.in fundamental particle theory under the direction 0f the late Richard Cutkosky.He joined the faculty of Carnegie Mellon in 1956 and has also spent two years as a Visiting Professor at the University of Califomia at Berkeley. Pro Young’S career has centered entirely around undergraduate education.He has written several undergraduate-level textbooks,and in 1 973 he became aCO-authorwithFrancis Sears andMarkZemanskyfortheirwell-knownintroduc-tory texts.witIl their deaths,he assumed full responsibility for new editions 0fthese books until joined by Prof.Freedman for Uiversity Physics. Prof.Young is an enthusiastic skier,climber,and hiker.He also served for sev.eral years as Associate Organist at St.Paul’S Cathedral in Pittsburgh,and hasplayed numerous organ recitals in the Pittsburgh area.Prof.Young and his wife Alice usually travel extensively in the summer,especially in Europe and in the desert canyon counthern of southern Utah.显示全部信息