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Part One Punctuation.
I End punctuation marks
1 Period （.）
1） As end-up signal
2） As omission signal
3） As decimal marker
4） As separator
2 Question mark （ ？ ）
1） Used after every direct question, including a short within-sentenceparenthetical question
2） Used within parentheses to express the writer's uncertainty about thecorrectness of some facts
3 Exclamation point （ ！ ）

II Internal punctuation marks
1 Comma （,）
1 ） As introducer
2） As coordinator
3） As inserter
4） As linker
5） As separator
6） As indicator
2 Semicolon （ ; ）
t） Between two sentences that are closely connected in idea, or independentclauses when they are not joined by the coordinating conjunctionsand, but, for, or and nor
2） Before sentence connectors and some transitional phrases （connectors likehowever, therefore, nevertheless, moreover, furthermore, etc.;transitional phrases like for example, as a result, that is, in fact, etc.）
3） Between items in a series when any of the items listed already containscommas, or when the clause-items are longiv English Writing Mechanics: Writer's Handbook
3 Colon （ : ）
1） To introduce a list of appositives, or a list of any other kind thatis introduced by such words as the following or as follows
2） To introduce formally a direct quotation
3） To connect two independent clauses when the second clauseenlarges on or explains the first
4） To separate the main title and subtitle of a book, an article or a play
5） To separate the hours and minutes
6） To follow the salutation of a formal letter or the introductory remarkof a speaker to the chairman and audience
4 Dash （——）
1） Used to emphasize
2） Used to mark a sudden break in thought, an interruption,or an abrupt change in tone
3） Used to set off a series of appositives
4） Used to separate a summarizing clause from a series of items
5） Used to set off a parenthetical element that is very abruptor that has commas within it
6） Used to indicate the omission of letters or words
5 Virgule （ / ）
1） Used to indicate alternatives
2） Used to indicate an abbreviated form
3） Used to represent per in abbreviations of rates and rations
4） Used to separate divisions of a period of time
5） Used to separate run-in lines of poetry

III Enclosing marks
1 Quotation marks （ ） （' ' ）
1） Three basic functions of quotation marks
2） Rules for punctuation associated with quotation marks
3） British style compared with American style
2 Parentheses （（））
1） Functions of parentheses
2） Mechanics in writing the parenthetical information
3 Brackets （ [ ] ）
1） To insert comments or explanations, and supplied omissions added to
a quotation by the person quoting
2） To enclose the Latin word sic （so/thus） to indicate strange usageor an error such as misspelling or incorrect grammar in a quotation
……
Part Two Capitalizaton
Part Three Numhbers and Abbreviatons
Part Four Iyalics
Part Five Hyphens and Syllabificaton
Part Six Documentation
Part seven Common Sentence Problems
Abbreviatons of American State Names
Roman Numerals
Correction Symbols
Bibliogyrphy