Linguistics is a wide-ranging discipline. Within its compass lie topics and questions far apart from each other, but all. nonetheless. relevant to our understanding of the nature, structure, use and history of human language. this new. fourth edition of General Linguistics draws these strands together into a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the subject. The book considers; semantics and pragmatics dialect and style phonetics and phonology morphology and syntax, with reference both to

Preface by Halliday
王宗炎序
导读
Preface to first edition
Preface to second edition
Preface to third edition
Preface to fourtb edition
System of reference
Transcriptions and abbreviations
1 General linguistics: the scope of the subject
1.1 General linguistics as the study of language
1.1.1 Languages and languages
1.1.2 Descriptive, historical, and comparative linguistics
1.1.3 The term 'philology'
1.2 Linguistics as a science
1.2.1 Implications of the term 'science'
1.2.2 Practical applications
1.3 The range of general linguistics
1.3.1 Levels of analysis
1.3.2 Language and communication
1.3.3 Phonetics, phonology, grammar, semantics
1.4 Semantics
1.4.1 Philosophical and linguistic interest in meaning
1.4.2 Word meaning
1.4.3 Sentence meaning
1.4.4 Extralinguistic context
1.4.5 Translation
General bibliography
Bibliography for Chapter 1
Notes to Chapter 1
2 Theoretical and methodological considerations
2.1 Abstractions
2.1.1 The status of linguistic abstractions
2.1.2 Structural linguistics: syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations
2.2 Dialect, idiolect, style
2.2.1 Dialects as subdivisions of languages
2.2.2 Dialect mapping: isoglosses
2.2.3 Class dialects and 'standard languages'
2.2.4 Criteria for determining dialect status
2.2.5 Linguistic tendencies affecting dialectal divisions
2.3 General and particular
2.4 The structural treatment of lexical meaning
2.4.1 Lexical interrelations
2.4.2 Collocation
2.4.3 Semantic field theory
Bibliography for Chapter 2
Notes to Chapter 2
3 Phonetics
3.1 Articulatory phonetics
3.1.1 The spoken foundation of language
3.1.2 Primacy of articulatory phonetics
3.1.3 The physiological basis of speaking
3.2 The organs of speech
3.2.1 The glottis
3.2.2 The supragiottal organs of speech
3.2.3 Nasalization
3.3 Segmentation: vowel and consonant
3.3.1 Segmentation
3.3.2 Vowels and consonants: transcription
3.3.3 Vowels
3.3.4 Consonants
3.4 Acoustic phonetics
3.5 Plurisegmental features
3.5.1 The continuum of articulation
3.5.2 Glottal and supraglottal features
3.5.3 Stress
3.5.4 Pitch
3.5.5 Voice quality
3.6 Phonetics in linguistics
Bibliography for Chapter 3
Notes to Chapter 3
4 Phonology
……
5 Grammar:grammatical elements
6 Grammar:grammatical classes,structures,and categories
7 Current linguistic theory
8 Linguistic comparison
9 Wider perspectives
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