《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》是古希腊史学家修昔底德创作的历史著作，描述了以雅典为首的提洛同盟与以斯巴达为首的伯罗奔尼撒联盟之间的一场战争。全书采用编年体叙事方式，按年份记录事件，并将每年分为战事集中的夏季与较为平静的冬季两部分来记录，是早采用严格的时间顺序作为著作叙事基准的历史著作之一。

THUCYDIDES, an Athenian, wrote the history of the war between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians, beginning at the moment that it broke out, and believing that it would be a great war, and more worthy of relation than any that had preceded it. This belief was not without its grounds. The preparations of both the combatants were in every department in the last state of perfection; and he could see the rest of the Hellenic race taking sides in the quarrel; those who delayed doing so at once having it in contemplation. Indeed this was the greatest movement yet known in history, not only of the Hellenes, but of a large part of the barbarian world — I had almost said of mankind. For though the events of remote antiquity, and even those that more immediately precede the war, could not from lapse of time be clearly ascertained, yet the evidences which an inquiry carried as far back as was practicable leads me to trust, all point to the conclusion that there was nothing on a great scale, either in war or in other matters.
For instance, it is evident that the country now called Hellas had in ancient times no settled population; on the contrary, migrations were of frequent occurrence, the several tribes readily abandoning their homes under the pressure of superior numbers. Without commerce, without freedom of communication either by land or sea, cultivating no more of their territory than the exigencies of life required, destitute of capital, never planting their land (for they could not tell when an invader might not come and take it all away, and when he did come they had no walls to stop him), thinking that the necessities of daily sustenance could be supplied at one place as well as another, they cared little for shifting their habitation, and consequently neither built large cities nor attained to any other form of greatness. The richest soils were always most subject to this change of masters; such as the district now called Thessaly, Boeotia, most of the Peloponnese, Arcadia excepted, and the most fertile parts of the rest of Hellas. The goodness of the land favoured the aggrandisement of particular individuals, and thus created faction which proved a fertile source of ruin. It also invited invasion. Accordingly Attica, from the poverty of its soil enjoying from a very remote period freedom from faction, never changed its inhabitants. And here is no inconsiderable exemplification of my assertion, that the migrations were the cause of there being no correspondent growth in other parts. The most powerful victims of war or faction from the rest of Hellas took refuge with the Athenians as a safe retreat; and at an early period, becoming naturalised, swelled the already large population of the city to such a height that Attica became at last too small to hold them, and they had to send out colonies to Ionia.

导 读 — 001 — THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR — 001 — BOOK I — 003 — CHAPTER I THE STATE OF GREECE FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR — 003 — CHAPTER II CAUSES OF THE WAR — THE AFFAIR OF EPIDAMNUS — THE AFFAIR OF POTIDAEA — 018 — CHAPTER III CONGRESS OF THE PELOPONNESIAN CONFEDERACY AT LACEDAEMON — 044 — CHAPTER IV FROM THE END OF THE PERSIAN TO THE BEGINNING OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR — THE PROGRESS FROM SUPREMACY TO EMPIRE — 059 — CHAPTER V SECOND CONGRESS AT LACEDAEMON — PREPARATIONS FOR WAR AND DIPLOMATIC SKIRMISHES — CYLON — PAUSANIAS — THEMISTOCLES — 077 — BOOK II — 101 — CHAPTER VI BEGINNING OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR — FIRST INVASION OF ATTICA — FUNERAL ORATION OF PERICLES — 101 — CHAPTER VII SECOND YEAR OF THE WAR — THE PLAGUE OF ATHENS — POSITION AND POLICY OF PERICLES — FALL OF POTIDAEA — 131 — CHAPTER VIII THIRD YEAR OF THE WAR — INVESTMENT OF PLATAEA — NAVAL VICTORIES OF PHORMIO — THRACIAN IRRUPTION INTO MACEDONIA UNDER SITALCES — 149 — BOOK III — 176 — CHAPTER IX FOURTH AND FIFTH YEARS OF THE WAR — REVOLT OF MITYLENE — 176 — CHAPTER X FIFTH YEAR OF THE WAR — TRIAL AND EXECUTION OF THE PLATAEANS — CORCYRAEAN REVOLUTION — 207 — CHAPTER XI SIXTH YEAR OF THE WAR — CAMPAIGNS OF DEMOSTHENES IN WESTERN GREECE — RUIN OF AMBRACIA — 230 — BOOK IV — 250 — CHAPTER XII SEVENTH YEAR OF THE WAR — OCCUPATION OF PYLOS — SURRENDER OF THE SPARTAN ARMY IN SPHACTERIA — 250 — CHAPTER XIII SEVENTH AND EIGHTH YEARS OF THE WAR — END OF CORCYRAEAN REVOLUTION — PEACE OF GELA — CAPTURE OF NISAEA — 276 — CHAPTER XIV EIGHTH AND NINTH YEARS OF THE WAR — INVASION OF BOEOTIA — FALL OF AMPHIPOLIS — BRILLIANT SUCCESSES OF BRASIDAS — 296 — BOOK V — 336 — CHAPTER XV TENTH YEAR OF THE WAR — DEATH OF CLEON AND BRASIDAS — PEACE OF NICIAS — 336 — CHAPTER XVI FEELING AGAINST SPARTA IN PELOPONNESE — LEAGUE OF THE MANTINEANS, ELEANS, ARGIVES, AND ATHENIANS — BATTLE OF MANTINEA AND BREAKING UP OF THE LEAGUE — 352 — CHAPTER XVII SIXTEENTH YEAR OF THE WAR — THE MELIAN CONFERENCE — FATE OF MELOS — 393 — BOOK VI — 402 — CHAPTER XVIII SEVENTEENTH YEAR OF THE WAR — THE SICILIAN CAMPAIGN — AFFAIR OF THE HERMAE — DEPARTURE OF THE EXPEDITION — 402 — CHAPTER XIX SEVENTEENTH YEAR OF THE WAR — PARTIES AT SYRACUSE — STORY OF HARMODIUS AND ARISTOGITON — DISGRACE OF ALCIBIADES — 424 — CHAPTER XX SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH YEARS OF THE WAR — INACTION OF THE ATHENIAN ARMY — ALCIBIADES AT SPARTA — INVESTMENT OF SYRACUSE — 444 — BOOK VII — 475 — CHAPTER XXI EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEENTH YEARS OF THE WAR — ARRIVAL OF GYLIPPUS AT SYRACUSE — FORTIFICATION OF DECELEA — SUCCESSES OF THE SYRACUSANS — 475 — CHAPTER XXII NINETEENTH YEAR OF THE WAR — ARRIVAL OF DEMOSTHENES — DEFEAT OF THE ATHENIANS AT EPIPOLAE — FOLLY AND OBSTINACY OF NICIAS — 502 — CHAPTER XXIII NINETEENTH YEAR OF THE WAR — BATTLES IN THE GREAT HARBOUR — RETREAT AND ANNIHILATION OF THE ATHENIAN ARMY — 509 — BOOK VIII — 538 — CHAPTER XXIV NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH YEARS OF THE WAR — REVOLT OF IONIA — INTERVENTION OF PERSIA — THE WAR IN IONIA — 538 — CHAPTER XXV TWENTIETH AND TWENTY — FIRST YEARS OF THE WAR — INTRIGUES OF ALCIBIADES — WITHDRAWAL OF THE PERSIAN SUBSIDIES — OLIGARCHICAL COUP D’ÉTAT AT ATHENS — PATRIOTISM OF THE ARMY AT SAMOS — 564 — CHAPTER XXVI TWENTY-FIRST YEAR OF THE WAR — RECALL OF ALCIBIADES TO SAMOS — REVOLT OF EUBOEA AND DOWNFALL OF THE FOUR HUNDRED — BATTLE OF CYNOSSEMA — 588 — 术语汇编与简释 — 611 —