chapter 1 introduction 1.1 the origin and development of pragmatics 1.1.1 the philosophical origin 1.1.2 the growth ofpragmatics in modem linguistics 1.1.3 the two traditions of study 1.2 definitions ofpragmatics 1.3 pragmatic study of meaning 1.4 the notion of context 1.4.1 the early explications of context 1.4.2 the role of context in utterance interpretation 1.4.3 the dynamic nature of context 1.4.4 the manipulability of context study questions further reading chapter 2 reference and deixis